Introduction to the Book of Genesis

The book of Genesis is the first of five books in the Pentateuch, which is the first of three major volumes that comprise the Tanakh, the Jewish-Hebrew Bible also known as the old testament. The book of Genesis is 50 chapters in length and opens with a sequence of stories, many of which are well known:

• Chapter 1 – God creates the world in six days and rests on the seventh
• Chapters 2 and 3 – Adam and Eve are tempted by the serpent to eat forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden
• Chapter 4 – Cain kills his brother Abel and is condemned to be a wanderer
• Chapter 5 – mostly genealogy
• Chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9 – Noah builds an ark to save his family and pairs of animals from a deluge
• Chapter 10 – more genealogy
• Chapter 11 – Tower of Babel and Genealogy until Terach (the father of Abraham)
• Chapter 12 – God commands Abraham to go to Caanan

Chapter 12 is a critical turning point in the Genesis narrative. Here the focus and style of the Biblical narrative complete changes. Until this point, the Bible stories have been about sin, destruction or punishment. For the first time in the book, the narrative will follow a specific character and his family over a long period of time - a relationship that God forges with a single nomadic tribe. Until this point, human beings were acted upon by their maker, after this point, a small set of human beings will enter into a covenental relationship with God (Genesis 12 NIV):

1 The LORD had said to Abram, “Go from your country, your people and your father’s household to the land I will show you.
2 “I will make you into a great nation,
and I will bless you;
I will make your name great,
and you will be a blessing.
3 I will bless those who bless you,
and whoever curses you I will curse;
and all peoples on earth
will be blessed through you.”

4 So Abram went, as the LORD had told him; and Lot went with him. Abram was seventy-five years old when he set out from Harran. 5 He took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in Harran, and they set out for the land of Canaan, and they arrived there.

6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the site of the great tree of Moreh at Shechem. At that time the Canaanites were in the land. 7 The LORD appeared to Abram and said, “To your offspring[c] I will give this land.” So he built an altar there to the LORD, who had appeared to him.

8 From there he went on toward the hills east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the LORD and called on the name of the LORD.

9 Then Abram set out and continued toward the Negev.

יב,א וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל-אַבְרָם, לֶךְ-לְךָ מֵאַרְצְךָ וּמִמּוֹלַדְתְּךָ וּמִבֵּית אָבִיךָ, אֶל-הָאָרֶץ, אֲשֶׁר אַרְאֶךָּ.  יב,ב וְאֶעֶשְׂךָ, לְגוֹי גָּדוֹל, וַאֲבָרֶכְךָ, וַאֲגַדְּלָה שְׁמֶךָ; וֶהְיֵה, בְּרָכָה.  יב,ג וַאֲבָרְכָה, מְבָרְכֶיךָ, וּמְקַלֶּלְךָ, אָאֹר; וְנִבְרְכוּ בְךָ, כֹּל מִשְׁפְּחֹת הָאֲדָמָה.  יב,ד וַיֵּלֶךְ אַבְרָם, כַּאֲשֶׁר דִּבֶּר אֵלָיו יְהוָה, וַיֵּלֶךְ אִתּוֹ, לוֹט; וְאַבְרָם, בֶּן-חָמֵשׁ שָׁנִים וְשִׁבְעִים שָׁנָה, בְּצֵאתוֹ, מֵחָרָן.  יב,ה וַיִּקַּח אַבְרָם אֶת-שָׂרַי אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת-לוֹט בֶּן-אָחִיו, וְאֶת-כָּל-רְכוּשָׁם אֲשֶׁר רָכָשׁוּ, וְאֶת-הַנֶּפֶשׁ, אֲשֶׁר-עָשׂוּ בְחָרָן; וַיֵּצְאוּ, לָלֶכֶת אַרְצָה כְּנַעַן, וַיָּבֹאוּ, אַרְצָה כְּנָעַן.  יב,ו וַיַּעֲבֹר אַבְרָם, בָּאָרֶץ, עַד מְקוֹם שְׁכֶם, עַד אֵלוֹן מוֹרֶה; וְהַכְּנַעֲנִי, אָז בָּאָרֶץ.  יב,ז וַיֵּרָא יְהוָה, אֶל-אַבְרָם, וַיֹּאמֶר, לְזַרְעֲךָ אֶתֵּן אֶת-הָאָרֶץ הַזֹּאת; וַיִּבֶן שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ, לַיהוָה הַנִּרְאֶה אֵלָיו.  יב,ח וַיַּעְתֵּק מִשָּׁם הָהָרָה, מִקֶּדֶם לְבֵית-אֵל--וַיֵּט אָהֳלֹה; בֵּית-אֵל מִיָּם, וְהָעַי מִקֶּדֶם, וַיִּבֶן-שָׁם מִזְבֵּחַ לַיהוָה, וַיִּקְרָא בְּשֵׁם יְהוָה.  יב,ט וַיִּסַּע אַבְרָם, הָלוֹךְ וְנָסוֹעַ הַנֶּגְבָּה.

At this juncture the reader doesn't know why Abraham is chosen or what makes him unique. These questions and the nature of this relationship will be developed as the story continues.

In part 1 of the Bible, God is in charge and his interactions with human beings are disastrous. God creates a world and that creation suffers a number of setbacks. The Garden of Eden was a failure, Noah and the deluge ends in disaster and the Tower of Babel was another disaster. This set of failures lays the foundation and the framework for the relationship that God forges with Abraham in part 2 of this book. Until this point God was essentially experimenting with different plans for creation and failing. The narrative in part 2 of Genesis and the Bible as a whole is shaped by the lessons and sensitivities gained from part 1. The language and narrative of part 2 regularly evokes the language and narratives of part 1 and these two sections of the book will be in constant communication and with each other.